Occupational Risk Factors

  1. Repetitive Motion or Prolonged (Static) Exertion
  2. Forceful Exertions (Maximum Voluntary Contractions or Exertions, MVC or MVE)
  3. Awkward (Non-neutral) Postures
    1. Out of "power zone" (muscle inefficiency, insufficiency)
    2. Muscle transfer during movement
    3. Movement prior to muscle involvement
    4. Hyperextension, flexion, joint movement
    5. Compression, friction, tensile stress on tendons, blood vessels, nerves
  4. Combination of Repetition, Force and Awkward Posture
  5. Pinch or Open-Hand (Finger tip) Grasping
  6. Localized Contact, Direct Pressure or Impact on Soft Tissue
  7. Vibration (Hand/Arm or Segmental, Whole Body)
  8. Harsh Environmental Conditions (Cold Temperatures, Thermal Discomfort, Poor Lighting/Visibility, Air Quality, Ventilation, etc.)
  9. Long Duration (Inadequate Rest, Recovery)

Non-Occupational (Personal) Risk Factors

  1. Family History, Age
  2. Systemic Disease (Rheumatoid Arthritis, Diabetes, Hypothyroidism, Kidney Disease, Pernicious Anemia or B12 deficiency)
  3. Previous Injury, e.g., fractures, sprain fractures, hernia, back injuries
  4. Smoking, Alcoholism, Vitamin Deficiency (B6, Niacin), Lack of Rest
  5. De-conditioning, Poor Physical Fitness, Obesity
  6. High Risk Hobbies or Extracurricular Activities